C-type Lectin Receptors or CLRs are one of the major classes of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). CLRs are critical in recognition of antigens especially by Dendritic Cells (DCs) underscoring their importance as key regulatory immune receptors as well as markers for DCs^1-2. Found in abundance especially on DCs as well as monocytes, macrophages and other myeloid cells, these receptors bind C-type lectins-conserved sugar structures on proteins or lipids from pathogens or self antigens alike. There are over 1,000 identified C-type lectin domain (CTLD) containing molecules to which CLRs bind in a Ca2+ dependent mechanism. The usual CTLD is composed of 2 separate loops connected by two disulfide bridges. The CLR binds to the CTLD usually on the 2nd loop³.

C-type lectins range in function as adhesion molecules, interactive molecules in the DC-T cell synapse, or in apoptosis. CLRs therefore serve as antigen receptors, regulators of cell trafficking and migration and controllers of DC-T cell immunoregulatory networks^1-3.

As an example of a CLR functional marker on DCs, DC-SIGN binds HIV-1 and sequesters the virus in endosomes. HIV-1 laden DCs traffic to lymphoid tissues and interact with T cells affording their enhanced infection by the virus. DC-SIGN also binds CD50 (ICAM-3) allowing cell to cell contact in the DC-T cell synapse formation which drives immune responses³. Dectin-2, another CLR, binds mannose moieties and subsequently mediates DC cytokine production through NF-kB as well as through a SYK-CARD9 pathway^4-5. Dectin-2 detection on monocytes is shown in the figure below.

Dectin-2 Antibody

CLR signaling pathways utilize kinases, phosphatases and other adaptor molecules. The multitude of CLR functions from cell-to-cell synapse to induction of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines reflect, and are reflected by, their signaling pathways.

In addition to the selected CLRs and DC markers listed below, IMGENEX Corporation provides a market leading portfolio of antibodies, reagents, and reporter cell line systems for studying Innate and Adaptive Immunity and Signaling Pathways. Please find our comprehensive product offering in the links below.

Ever since first being identified as a unique T cell subset, Th17 cells have been assigned a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases. As the hallmark cytokine produced by Th17 cells, IL-17 is an intensely studied inflammatory mediator used to identify and describe Th17 cell function. There are currently six proteins in the IL-17 family in mice and humans. Th17 cells produce and secrete IL-17 isoforms and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to both exogenous and self antigens^1-3 and there are five identified members of the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) family, IL-17RA-IL-17RE, which bind multiple IL-17 proteins⁴. Most studied of the IL-17 protein family are the highly homologous IL-7A and IL-17F. Despite their homology to one another, binding to the same receptor, and overlap of similar functions, IL-17A and IL-17F are not interchangeable with one another. Several experimental models have demonstrated a predominance of IL-17A or IL-17F with minimal effect of the other. IL-17C and IL-17E are also known as other interleukins: IL-17C as IL-21 and IL-17E as IL-25. IL-25/IL-17E, is involved in allergic diseases and host defense against parasitic helminths and IL-17C is involved in pro-inflammatory activities, especially in autoimmune diseases^5-7. So while IL-17A and IL-17F exert overlapping activities, it is important to distinguish the IL-17 isoforms and the receptors they bind to in order to delineate specific roles in overall host defense or autoimmune pathology.

Human IL-17A OptiMax™ ELISA Kit

Sensitivity: The Limit of Detection (LOD) [minimum detectable dose (MDD)] of IMGENEX‘s human IL-17A assay was determined by performing 20 replicates of assay diluent (blank) alone and calculating the mean signal + 2 standard deviations of the 20 values. The LOD is defined as the human IL-17A concentration corresponding to the mean assay blank + 2 SD. The LOD was determined to be < 1.95 pg/ml.

IMGENEX provides multiple ELISA and other formats to identify and quantitate IL-17A,  IL-17F or IL-17AF
as well as our innovative IL-17A Reporter Cell Lines:
 

•  IL-17A Reporter Cell Line- IL-17A PROM/LUCPorter™ Cell Line
•  ROR gamma Plasmid
•  ROR gamma(t)  Plasmid
•  LightSwitch™ Luciferase Assay Read-Out Reagents
•  Th17 Cell-Related Products

IMGENEX's leading portfolio of IL-17 ELISAs and antibodies and other Th17 related products are part of our market leading selection of products for studying cells and inflammation or immune activation pathways linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

Ask about our Drug Discovery Contract Screening Services specializing in Inflammation and Immune Signaling Pathway analysis using our reporter cell lines or our other areas of expertise in Immunoassays to speed your own discovery process.

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